The Introduction Of Mamee Double Decker

The Introduction Of Mamee Double DeckerMamee-Double Decker (M) Berhad is a unique brand of solid test and fine quality. The c eacher-up is recently listed in the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchang (KLSE). The comp both manufactures many products which ar Mamee Monster, Mamee Instant and Sllrrrp Noodles, Mister Potato Chips, Mister Potato Crisps and so on. All this products ar al earn household names.The close famous product of the company is Mamee Monster. Mamee Monster is something like noodles with a impede of seasoning powder. This product consists of two flavours which ar yellow(a) and barbeque. Besides these two flavours, in that respect is an early(a) sore flavor like satay flavor. Between these three flavours, barbeque is the tastiest and many kids like it including us. Mamee Monster consists of jumbo look at the jumbo packs are a new product and it is include two flavours like barbeque and the new angiotensin-converting enzyme- curry flavour. These two flavours erect st imulate our taste buds.Besides this honored, the company also promote a new product which is Mister Potato Rice Crisps. This new product can competes with sepa dictates brand as healthy like Jacker and Pringles. Why do I say so? It is because this Mister Potato Rice Crisps is low fat and healthier compared with others potato chips. Jacker is good taste scarce salty and same goes to Pringles. This new product consists of four flavours such(prenominal)(prenominal) as, original, flame grilled bbq, hot and spicy as well as sour thresh and onion. For quite a little who likes chili can smack hot and spicy flavor. For those who do non like heavy flavour can try original flavour.In an addition, Mamee-Double Decker (M) Berhad also has a product which is instant noodles-Mamee Sllrrrp. For this instant noodles have a variety of flavours such as ayam kampung, asam laksa, kari berapi and kari duplication pedas. Any of the flavours pass on make the great unwashed sllrrrp, sllrrp, sllrrrp when eating.Overall, Mamee-Double Decker (M) Berhad is a good quality brand and no doubt it can win the heart of the public range from kids and adults to old folks. This company is a very successful company and earns much profit from introductory until now.Mamee LekorAfter a thorough consideration, we as Mamee-Double Decker (M) Berhads corpo ordinate finance advisors had decided to summation their shareholders wealth by introducing a new product keropok lekor. What is keropok lekor? This is it.The easiest way to describe Keropok Lekor is to call it as fish sausage. Its main ingredients are fish (Ikan Parang/Kembong/Selayang), sago flour, salt and water. We named our new product (keropok lekor) as Mamee Lekor. It can be served in crispy type or soft chewy type according to preferences.D parvenue folderMmuGamma first SemBBF 2124 FM 2keropok_lekor.jpgDNew folderMmuGamma 1st SemBBF 2124 FM 211.jpgKeropok lekor is originated from Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia and it is a popular and m ost visible heat up snack in Terengganu. Lots of local there know how to make this keropok lekor. Therefore, there are many stalls in Malaysia that sells keropok lekor. However, there is none in hypermarket, cinemas and petrol station. This keropok lekor become very popular that we can find it in other states of Malaysia such as Johor and Melaka. Perhaps, we could not find this type of snacks in country other than Malaysia because keropok lekor is a local Malay delicacy and potency of Malaysia.Mamee-Double Decker (M) Berhad breaks Mamee Lekor in two forms. First, the mini ball sized fried keropok lekor which packaging in a small p shoemakers lastic bag like Mamee Monster. Another one is raw keropok lekor. DNew folderMmuGamma 1st SemBBF 2124 FM 2keropak_lekor.jpgThe fried keropok lekor in mini packing contains 10 mini balls of keropok lekor which sells RM1.50 per pack. The above picture is for illustration purpose further. To be to a greater extent attrative, we testament estab lish it into mini balls to attract customers. We also make raw keropok lekor in 700g per pack which sells at RM10. This fried mini keropok lekor result expire in 4 to 5 days after takings. How we are going to handle this situation? We depart follow the Gardenias dispersal strategy. We leave behind send our workers to send new keropok lekor and realise back the expired one. Our workers are going to the sell store and supermarkets to send and collect Mamee Lekor 2 times per week. This is to ensure that our products are fresh before knock overes to our customers and contractrs.Also, we unwrap raw keropok lekor to fulfill some households learns. They can cut it into the thickness they prefer and fry or steam it. The main difference between the raw and ready fried mini packed keropok lekor is that the raw keropok lekor can pull through for coarseer terminus. On the other hand, the ready fried mini packed keropok lekor can just last within 5 days. Some household may buy th e raw keropok lekor and kept in their freezer and fried it whenever they want to eat. Since raw keropok lekor can be kept in a recollective period which is around one stratum, we intend to exporting it to other countries. We plan to export 700g of raw keropok lekor per pack to other countries selling at RM12 each. The selling price is slightly high than in Malaysia because it already included the cost that related to export activities. We decided to export to Australia, Hong Kong and Singapore. We export much than to Australia because it is the largest and fastest growing export market compared to other countries. It has highest export rate of snack and confectionary from Mamee-Double Decker. We also export to Singapore and Hong Kong because we want to introduce Mamee Lekor to Western and Asian countries as well.Why we produce keropok lekor? This is because it is a local traditional delicacy which not avail fit in other countries. It is a specialty to foreigners because the ir countries do not have this food. So, we can monopolize Mamee Lekor in other countries. Besides, according to research, Mamee Double-Decker (M) Berhad s snacks and confectionery occupied the highest demand compared to other catrgories. So we produce Mamee Lekor which is a kind of snacks to boost the demand.We will start our project by reaching kayoed the children because no children dislike snacks and they like to try on new things. So, we decided to distri bute Mamee Lekor to school canteens. It is packed in a mini package same as Mamee Monster. It is cute and can attract children to try it. It is also convenient to consume. Moreover, in order to expand new market, we will distribute our Mamee Lekor to all cinemas such as Golden Screen Cinemas and MBO Cinemas. Most of the people will carry a packet of snacks or a big box of popcorn into the theatre. As our Mamee Lekor is also a kind of snacks, we believe that the demand will be higher in cinemas. Also, Mamee Lekor can be a subst itute good for those who do not like popcorn or other snacks for health conscious.As Our Mamee Lekor is made from fish and fried with unsaturated oil, it is high protein, monosodium glutamate (MSG)-free and less oily. Why we want to promote healthy lifestyle? It is to follow Mamee-Double Decker (M) Berhads step. The company wants to produce products that are MSG-free, artificial colouring-free and oil-free. We produce keropok lekor in a healthy way to help consumers to consume without worries while maintaining a balance and healthy lifestyle.initial InvestmentWhen we wanted to produce the Keropok Lekor, we used 3 types of weapon like pickup arm establishment, frying simple machine and packaging machine. The machines and the usages are shown belowCartridge system is used to fit the filled up fish with some ingredients. This machine is the key in making Keropok Lekor and was the first step to produce the better product. The retail price of this type of machine is RM 15,000 each. It is a franchised system, so the price is fixed. We prepare keropok lekor from fish meat grounded with sago and salt these are then rolled and made into the shape of long tubes similar to sausages by this machine.CUsersPublicPicturesSample Picturesmoto_0117.jpgThe frying machine is used to fry Keropok Lekor after it was shaped into mini size by our labours. This machine has many functions such as continuous fines removal for increased oil life and automatic oil level control. It is easy to clean. Its superior oil temperature control helps to maintain fryer quality stability. The cost of purchasing the machine is RM 6,000 each.http//img.diytrade.com/cdimg/432764/3809036/0/1181816403/Gas_Frying_Machine.jpghttp//i03.i.aliimg.com/photo/104903103/Horizontal_Packaging_Machine_v0.jpgAs shown the horizontal packaging machine. After the Keropok Lekor had been steam and fried, the packaging and leballing process happen. It is to keep keropok lekor last longer and maintain the taste. This mac hine be RM 13,000 each.How many factories we have? We are going share some spaces in the existing Mamee-Double Decker factories rather than building extra factories. We choose to share capacity with factories in Selangor, Perak, Johor and Sarawak. This is the strategic location as we can cater the demands of North, East, West, and South of Malaysia.There are 2 cartridge system, 2 frying machines and 1 packaging machine in each factory. We use 2 catridge machine because one machine is not big enough to blend big amount of filled fish and other ingredient. When we use two of them together, the maintenance cost will become lower when some of the parts broken. measure on processing will also reduce 20% compare to big cartridge machine. Other than that, we use 2 frying machines because we need to take over cost especially in introducing the new product. The bigger and more techno logically advance machine will cost higher. So we use 2 cartridge system and frying machine instead of the sophisticated one. The machines we use are brooked to be able to serve large amount of product. Lastly, for an newly introduced project, we stomach that 1 packaging machine is enough to cater our production. It produces around 70 to 100 packs of keropok lekor per hour. With one packaging machine only, we can save our budget and consume less space.We are going to promote our new product by advertising on The necromancer1newspaper. Why we choose to advertise on The Star rather than other newspapers? consort to Audit Bureau of Circulations from 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2009, The Star newspaper is the most famous newspaper in Malaysia in verge of readership. It has between 290,000 to 300,000 readers. Moreover, The Star newspaper is an English-language newspaper which is readable for all races, for instance Malays, Chinese, Indian and others, in Malaysia.Additionally, we need to buy new vans to implement our distribution intercommunicate strategy. Each second hand van would cost us RM 80,000 each. We plan to buy 2 vans for each factory. We will hire driver to run our distribution network to distribute and collect back our keropok lekor. social class 1In first year, we expect to sell 1,200 packs of mini ball keropok lekor and raw keropok lekor each day. That manner each factory has to produce 300 packs of Mini keropok lekor and raw keropok lekor respectively.Total quantity produce of mini and raw keropok lekor = 300 packs per day x 4 factories x 30 days per month x 12 months per year = 432,000 packs repectively.SalesMini keropok lekorRaw keropok lekorCash in run in year 1Unit selling priceRM 1.50RM 10.00 standard produce432,000432,000Sales volumeRM 648,000RM 4,320,000RM 4,968,000The main ingredients of keropok lekor are ikan parang/kembong/selayang, sago flour, salt and water. The ingredient costs of mini and raw keropok lekor are RM 0.80 and RM 5.00 each while the packaging costs are RM 0.20 and RM 0.10 respectively. Packaging cost of mini keropok lekor is h igher than raw keropok lekor because the packaging design will be more colourful and attractive. Also, we need labours to help us shape mini keropok lekor and fry it. Each labour cost is RM 800 per month. Each driver will have to live 2 times per week to distribute and collect mini keropok lekor. Each trip will cost RM 150 including petrol cost. So, each driver costs us RM 150 x 2 times per week x 4 times per month x 12 months x 4 factories = RM 57,600. beMini keropok lekorRaw keropok lekorIngredient + packaging(RM0.80+RM0.20) x 432,000= RM 432,000(RM5+RM0.10) x 432,000= RM 2,203,200Labor6 labours X RM 800 X 12 months x 4 factories = RM 230,400Driver2 drivers x RM 57,600 = RM 115,200Cash outflow(RM 432,000 + RM 2,203,200 + RM 230,400 + RM 115,200=RM 2,980,800Net operate currency flow in year 1 = RM 4,968,000 RM 2,980,800= RM 1,987,200Year 2Year 2, we estimate that our production will increase 5% as demand increases. Since first years production is 864,000 units (432,000 units fo r mini and raw keropok lekor respectively), year 2 our productions will be 907,200 units (864,000 + 5%). That means production for each type is 453,600 units.Besides, as Mamee Double-Decker (M) Berhad generated about 30% of its sales from the export markets which upside more than 80 countries across all continents, we plan to expand market and export raw keropok lekor to other countries. Each pack of raw keropok lekor, we will charge RM 12 which slightly higher than RM 10 to cover any expenses incur in export activities. In this year, we will export 100,000 units to Australia, 60,000 units to Hong Kong and 36,000 units to Singapore. In other words, we will export 25000, 15000 and 9000 units to these 3 countries in each 3 months.Why do we export more products to Australia? As Australia is the largest and fastest growing export market which contributed 18% of the total export sales in financial year 2009, we decided to export more products to the country. Other than Western country, we also export to Asian country such as Hong Kong. It not only helps to expand our market, but also introduce keropok lekor such a traditional cuisine to both Western and Asian countries. Besides, Singapore is our neighbour country and knows our cultures more as well as it contributed 9% of total export, so we choose to export to Singapore rather than other countries.SalesMini keropok lekorRaw keropok lekor export raw keropok lekorCash inflow in year 2Unit selling priceRM 1.50RM 10.00RM 12.00Quantity produce453,600453,600196,000Sales volumeRM 680,400RM 4,536,000RM 2,352,000RM 7,568,400Due to increase in production, we have to add in additional 2 labours, 1 driver, 1 cartridge system, 1 packaging machine and 1 frying machine in each factory.CostsMini keropok lekorRaw keropok lekor trade (raw keropok lekorIngredient + packaging(RM0.80+RM0.20) x 453,600= RM 453,600(RM5+RM0.10) x 453,600= RM 2,313,360(RM7+RM0.10)x196,000= RM 1,391,600Labor8 labours X RM 800 X 12 months x 4 factories = RM 307,200Driver3 drivers x RM 57,600 = RM 172,800Cartridge systemRM 15,000 x 1 unit x 4 factories = RM 60,000Packing machineRM 13,000 x 1 unit x 4 factories = RM 52,000Frying machineRM 6,000 x 1 unit x 4 factories = RM 24,000Cash outflowRM 453,600+ RM 2,313,360+ RM 1,391,600+ RM 307,200+ RM 172,800+ RM 60,000+ RM 52,000+ RM 24,000 =RM 4,774,560Net operating(a) coin flow in year 2 = RM 7,568,400 RM 4,774,560= RM 2,793,840Year 3We estimate that our sales in this year keep increasing and probably reach maturity. Our evaluate production excluding export will increases from 907,200 to 950,400 units which increases around 5 % of year 2s production. In other words, production for mini and raw keropok lekor is 475,200 units respectively.Additionally, we expect export rate of keropok lekor will increase 4 %, which is from 196,000 to 204,000 units. In this year, we have to add in more technologically advance machine to cater the increase in production. We will purchase more innovative car tridge system, packing machine and frying machine to improve productivity. We also hire 2 more labours and 1 more driver to help us run our business smoother. The additional driver can help us widen our distribution network to other places. We expect that the cost of labour will become slightly higher which is from RM 800 to RM900. It is to increase their motivation to work and maybe due to inflation.SalesMini keropok lekorRaw keropok lekorExport raw keropok lekorCash inflow in year 3Unit selling priceRM 1.50RM 10.00RM 12.00Quantity produce475,200475,200204,000Sales volumeRM 712,800RM 4,752,000RM 2,448,000RM 7,912,800CostsMini keropok lekorRaw keropok lekorExport (raw keropok lekorIngredient + packaging(RM0.80+RM0.20) x 475,200= RM 475,200(RM5+RM0.10) x 475,200= RM 2,423,520(RM7+RM0.10)x204,000= RM 1,448,400Labor10 labours X RM 900 X 12 months x 4 factories = RM 432,000Driver4 drivers x RM 57,600 = RM 230,400Cartridge systemRM 20,000 x 1 unit x 4 factories = RM 80,000Packing machine RM 20,000 x 1 unit x 4 factories = RM 80,000Frying machineRM 10,000 x 1 unit x 4 factories = RM 40,000Cash outflowRM 475,200+ RM 2,423,520+ RM 1,448,400+ RM 432,000+ RM 230,400+ RM 80,000+ RM 80,000+ RM 40,000 =RM 5,209,520Net operating cash flow in year 3 = RM 7,912,800 RM 5,209,520= RM 2,703,280This year, although expected sales increases, net operating cash flow decreases. This is because we plan to do expansion by adding more technologically advance machines. This is logic as whenever a firm manages to cover up their initial investment, what they faculty do is to do expansion.Year 4Out of expectation, probably the demand for our keropok lekor might go down. Perhaps there is new competitors exist in market. Who knows they envy of our high sales volume and might want to compete with us? With our 3 years brand recognition, perchance our sales would not drop too badly. So, our expected production will be 920,000 units which are 3% less than previous year. Production of mini and r aw keropok lekor will be 460,000 units respectively. As production decreases, we do not have to hire much driver for distribution network. We will cut down 1 driver to cut expense of RM 57,600. However, we will remain our existing labours. As we believe that, whenever there is an obstacle, we will find out a way to curb it and boost future sales as well as production. Thus, we do not want to loss any well- accomplished and loyal labour. Still, in order to handle any possible changes in future, we have a pessimistic view that the cost of ingredient will increase. We scream that the unit cost of mini keropok lekor will increase from RM0.80 to RM0.90 while raw keropok lekor will increase from RM5 to RM 5.50.On the other hand, our export rate will keep on increasing. We expect our production will be 210,000 units which is 3% higher than in year 3. Why do we forecast that the export rate will increase? Why not decrease? Because, even if foreign competitor wants to compete with us, they might need some times to figure out how to produce such a Malay local cuisine which is available in Malaysia only. This is our local special food, so of course there is some recipe that other countries do not know. Also, since there is a decrease in Malaysias sales and an increase of export rate, we do not have to add in any new machine.SalesMini keropok lekorRaw keropok lekorExport raw keropok lekorCash inflow in year 4Unit selling priceRM 1.50RM 10.00RM 12.00Quantity produce460,000460,000210,000Sales volumeRM 690,000RM 4,600,000RM 2,520,000RM 7,810,000CostsMini keropok lekorRaw keropok lekorExport (raw keropok lekorIngredient + packaging(RM0.90+RM0.20) x 460,000= RM 506,000(RM5.50+RM0.10) x 460,000= RM 2,576,000(RM7.50+RM0.10)x210,000= RM 1,596,000Labor10 labours X RM 900 X 12 months x 4 factories = RM 432,000Driver3 drivers x RM 57,600 = RM 172,800Cash outflowRM 506,000 + RM 2,576,000 + RM 1,596,000 + RM 432,000 + RM 172,800 = RM 5,282,800Net operating cash flow in year 4 = RM 7 ,810,000 RM 5,282,800= RM 2,527,200Year 5Assume that there is a drop in sales, of course we will take some actions to increase the sales back. In this year, we plan to open kiosk in hypermarket. Together there will be one kiosk in Melaka, Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Johor Bahru respectively. Rental of each kiosk is expected to be RM 800. We will hire 2 workers to help us operate the kiosk. Since we sell freshly cooked keropok lekor on the spot, we will need to purchase one frying machine for each kiosk. We also need some budgets for setup cost.With the above strategy, we believe that we able to boost our sales for at least 2%. Our expected production will be 940,000 units which is 470,000 units for each type of keropok lekor. Furthermore, we predict that our export rate of keropok lekor will grow at a decreasing rate which is 1% only. Our expected export rate will be 212,000 units. We are going to hire 2 more labours to help us to run our business to avoid summate shortage and to emp loy any future strategy. We need 1 more driver to widen our distribution network, and send raw keropok lekor to our kiosk to ensure there is no shortage problem. No additional machine is required as we already added in technologically advance machines in previous year which able to cater higher production.SalesMini keropok lekorRaw keropok lekorExport raw keropok lekorCash inflow in year 5Unit selling priceRM 1.50RM 10.00RM 12.00Quantity produce470,000470,000212,000Sales volumeRM 705,000RM 4,700,000RM 2,544,000RM 7,949,000CostsMini keropok lekorRaw keropok lekorExport (raw keropok lekorIngredient + packaging(RM0.90+RM0.20) x 470,000= RM 517,000(RM5.50+RM0.10) x 470,000= RM 2,632,000(RM7.50+RM0.10)x212,000= RM 1,611,200Labor12 labours X RM 900 X 12 months x 4 factories = RM 518,400Driver4 drivers x RM 57,600 = RM 230,4004 Kiosk ExpensesCalculationsTotalRentalRM 800 x 4 kiosks x 12monthsRM 38,400WorkersRM 800 x 2workers x 4 kiosks x 12 monthsRM 76,800Frying machineRM 3000 x 4 kiosksRM 12,000SetupRM 1,500 x 4 kioksRM 6,000Total expenses for kiosksRM 133,200Cash outflow in year 5RM 517,000 + RM 2,632,000 + RM 1,611,200 + RM 518,400 + RM 230,400 + RM 133,200 = RM 5,642,200Net Operating cash flow in year 5 = RM 7,949,000 RM 5,642,200= RM 2,306,800Although expected sales increases, net operating cash flow slightly decreases, it is due to the investment in kiosks. Yet, we believe that next years sales and net operating cash flow will increase simultaneously.RM 1,987,200 RM 2,793,840 RM 2,703,280 RM 2,527,200 RM 2,306,800o 1 2 3 4 5 yearRM 1,140,000The time line above depicts the conventional cash flow of our project. There is only one cash outflow for initial investment in year 0. From year 2 to 5, there is positive net operating cash flow. The net cash flow rises from year 1 to 2 because we export raw keropok lekor to other countries and increase revenues. In year 3, the sales keep on increasing but net cash flows drop as we do expansion by purchasing additional mac hines for technology advancement. During year 4, we predict that there will be new competitors exist to compete with us. Our sales drop slightly but net cash flow increases, because we try to cut cost and do not need to add in new capital. The next year, we employ a new strategy which is to open kiosk in hypermarket to sell freshly fried keropok lekor. We predict that our sales will increase slightly. But why net cash flow descend? Because we need some costs on operating the kioks. In short, our net cash flow thoroughout the year is up and down, but we manage to keep it at positive level. From other point of view, there will be up and down, because when any unfavourable things incur, we try to solve it and up the net cash flow again.Cost of CapitalThe cost of capital acts as a link between Mamee Double-Decker (M) Berhad s long term investment decisions (keropok lekor project) and the wealth of their owners as determined by investors in the marketplace. It is the magic account that is used to decide whether a proposed investment will increase or decrease the firms stock price. The cost of capital is the rate of return that Mamee Double-Decker (M) Berhad must(prenominal) earn on the keropok lekor project in which it invests to maintain the market foster of its stock.In this project, we will use Mamee Double-Decker (M) Berhads retained earnings to cover our new project. Cost of retained earnings is a cost of internally generated funds. It is an imputed or opportunity cost or the dividends given up by the common stockholders. It is the rate that investors can earn elsewhere on investments of comparable risk.Why we choose to use cost of retained earnings rather than issuing new shares or bonds? The main reason is that we notice Mamee Double-Decker (M) Berhad is proposing share buy-back. According to research, they plan to buy back the shares by utilise their retained earnings. So, why do we sleek over want to use its retained earnings to support our new projec t? This is because we cannot issue additional shares or bonds to raise capital. Mamee Double-Decker (M) Berhad proposed share buy-back is to reduce tot of shares outstanding and increase their share price. So, we do not want to do the opposite way. Moreover, Mamee Double-Decker (M) Berhad is very strong. It holds RM 43,457,000 cash, deposit and bank balances without borrowing any long term debt. It finances itself with cash only. That is why we do not want to raise capital by issuing bond which is a type of long term debt. Although tax is deductible when we issue bonds/debts/loans, we do not want to break the rules and rise their financial risk. They do not finance themselves with any debt, perhaps they want to reduce their risk for no need to pay out coupon payment and principal to their debtors.Besides, we choose to raise capital by use retained earnings because our initial investment only takes 9% of their overall retaining earnings. Their retained earnings in financial year 20 09 are RM 83,977,000 while our initial investment is RM 1,140,000. Our retribution period shows that we could cover it up within 1 year. Yet, without being over optimistic, there is always something unfavourable happen, so we predict that we could cover up the initial investment within 2 years.Cost of retained earnings= D1 / P0 + gThe dividend per share from year 2000 to 2009 is shown belowYearDividend per shareYearDividend per share20005.5 cents200514 cents20015.5 cents200620 cents20025.5 cents200725 cents20036.0 cents20085 cents200410 cents20097 centsInputFunction-5.5PV7.0FV9NGrowth of dividends= 2.71% (by using financial calculator)According to Bloomberg Businessweek2, expected dividend in 2010 is RM 0.10 while share price of Mamee Double-Decker (M) Berhad is RM 3.70.Cost of retained earnings = (RM 0.10 / RM 3.70) + 2.71%= 5.41 %In short, our cost of raising capital by using Mamee Double-Decker (M) Berhads retained earnings is 5.41%. The cost of capital will be applied when calc ulating NPV of the company.Payback PeriodPayback period can be defined as the amount of time required for a firm to recover its initial investment in a project, as calculated from cash flow. Payback period which also calculated asPayback period = RM 1,140,000 / RM 1,987,000= 0.57 yearsBasically, payback period is used by small firms to evaluate most projects or small projects in larger firms. The computation is simple and easy to apply. By measuring how quickly the firms get to recover from its initial investment, payback period gives implicit consideration to the timing of cash flows. Many firms use payback period as a decision criterion to other decision as it can be viewed as a measure of risk exposure. The longer the firm must wait to recover its invested fund, the greater the possibility of a calamity. So, the shorter the payback period, the lower the firms exposure to such risk.Payback period cannot be specified in light of wealth maximization goal because it is not based on d iscounting cash flows to determine whether they add to the firms value. Payback period is viewed as an unsophisticated capital budgeting technique because it does not explicitly consider the time value of money.The computer science above shows that payback period for our new project is one year. Why is it so short? It is because our cash inflow in year 1 which is RM 1,987,200 is higher than the initial investment which is RM1,140,000. So, we get to cover back our initial investment and have an extra of RM 847,200 of revenue in year one. We should be glad that we able to pay back the initial investment within one year but please do not forget that it does ignore the time value of money.In finance, we always mention time value of money. But, do we really know what does it mean? Well,